4/3/2023 0 Comments Fundamental forces unificationThe photon is the only particle that mediates the electromagnetic force. The electromagnetic force, which acts on particles that have a fundamental (positive or negative) electric charge to them, and which can be either attractive or repulsive. Taken all together, everything that cannot be divided further - what we call “fundamental” or “elementary” - makes up the modern Standard Model of elementary particles.Īnd yet, it’s only natural to wonder if the particles and forces that we know today couldn’t be further simplified, perhaps all emerging from some more unified state that existed early on in the Universe’s history? That’s the question of Patreon supporter Igor Zhbanov, who writes in to ask:Īccording to the Standard Model, there are three fundamental forces that it describes. There are other particles as well: photons, neutrinos, and some heavier cousins of the light quarks and the electrons. Matter is made of atoms, which are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons protons and neutrons are further made of quarks and gluons. As complex and diverse as the natural world is, it’s humbling to recognize that everything we see, perceive, and interact with is made of the same building blocks. Whenever we think about the Universe at a fundamental level, there’s always the temptation to wonder if reality might somehow be simpler than we perceive it to be.
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